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September 27th, 2012

Phytosomes – Increase the absorption of herbal extracts!

Phytosomes are advanced forms of herbal products that are better absorbed, utilized, and as a result produce better results than conventional herbal extracts. Phytosomes are produced via a patented process whereby the individual components of an herbal extract are bound to phosphatidylcholine – an emulsifying compound derived from soy. Phosphatidylcholine is also one of the chief components of the membranes in our cells.

The Phytosome process has been applied to many popular herbal extracts including Ginkgo biloba, grape seed, hawthorn, milk thistle, green tea, and ginseng. The flavonoid and terpenoid components of these herbal extracts lend themselves quite well for the direct binding to phosphatidylcholine. Specifically, the choline head of the phosphatidylcholine molecule binds to these compounds while the fat-soluble phosphatidyl portion comprising the body and tail then envelopes the choline-bound material. The result is a little micro sphere or cell is produced. The term “phyto” means plant while “some” means cell-like. What the Phytosome process produces is a little cell whereby the valuable components of the herbal extract are protected from destruction by digestive secretions and gut bacteria.

Is there scientific documentation to support the claims of superiority of Phytosomes?

Yes, there is a growing body of scientific studies showing improved absorption, utilization, and results with the Phytosome process. SILIPHOST (Silybin Phytosome) is the most well-studied. Silybin is the chief component of silymarin, the flavonoid complex from milk thistle valued for its ability to protect and restore the liver. Silybin is the most potent of these active substances. SILIPHOST contains one part silybin to one part phosphatidylcholine while Milk Thistle Phytosome is a less potent version as it contains all three flavonoids of silymarin and the ratio of to phosphatidylcholine to silymarin is 2:1.

What the research has shown in both human and animal studies is that SILIPHOST is better absorbed compared to an equal amount of silybin in conventional milk thistle extracts. In one human study, the excretion of silybin in the bile was evaluated in patients undergoing gallbladder removal for gallstones. A special drainage tube, the T-tube, was used to get the samples of bile necessary. Patients were given either a single oral dose of the SILIPHOST or milk thistle extract (80% silymarin). The amount of silybin recovered in the bile within 48 hours was 11% for the SILIPHOST group and 3% for silymarin group.1

One of the significant features of this study is the fact that silybin has been shown to improve the solubility of the bile. Since more silybin is being delivered to the liver and gallbladder when the SILIPHOST is used, this form is the ideal form for individuals with gallstones or fatty-infiltration of the liver – two conditions characterized by decreased bile solubility.

In another human study designed to assess the absorption of silybin when directly bound to phosphatidylcholine, plasma silybin levels were determined after administration of single oral doses of SILIPHOST and a similar amount of silybin from milk thistle extract in healthy volunteers. The results indicate that the absorption of silybin from SILIPHOST is approximately 7 times greater compared to the absorption of silybin from regular milk thistle extract (70-80% silymarin content).2 Similar results have been noted in studies comparing Green Tea Phytosome with green tea extract looking at the blood levels of the key compound epigallocatechin 3-O- gallate.

Illustration – Changes in blood levels for silybin in normal volunteers when given equivalent amounts of silybin in SILIPHOST , Silymarin, and pure Silybin

How does better absorption relate to better results?

The effectiveness of any herbal product (or medication) is dependent upon delivering an effective level of the active compounds. For milk thistle, this means delivering an effective level of silybin; for Panax ginseng it’s the compounds known as ginsenosides; for Ginkgo biloba extract it is the flavonoids and the terpenes; and for green tea it is epigallocatechin 3-O- gallate. It only makes sense that if you can increase the absorption and utilization of these components that you will see better results. And, that is exactly what has been shown in several studies with various Phytosomes.

For example, several clinical studies have also shown SILIPHOST is more effective and produce better results compared to regular milk thistle extracts.3-5 In one study of 232 patients with chronic hepatitis (viral, alcohol, or drug induced) treated with SILIPHOST at a dosage either 120 mg twice daily or 120 mg three times daily for up to 120 days, liver function returned to normal faster in the patients taking SILIPHOST compared to a group of controls (49 treated with a commercially available silymarin; 117 untreated or given placebo).3

Preliminary studies have also shown Ginkgo Phytosome and Grape Seed Phytosome to produce better results compared to the conventional extract forms of these plants. For example in studies with Ginkgo Phytosome in peripheral vascular disease (e.g., Raynaud’s disease and intermittent claudication) Ginkgo Phytosome was shown to produce a 30-60% greater improvement compared to regular Ginkgo biloba extract (24% ginkgo flavone glycoside and 6% terpene lactones).

How does the dosage of Phytosomes compare to regular standardized extracts?

Based upon absorption only, the dosage level of a Phytosome is pretty close to the dosage recommendations typically given for the corresponding standardized herbal extracts. For example, let’s take a look at grape seed extract and Grape Seed Phytosome. One 50 mg capsule of Grape Seed Phytosome, in terms of absorption only, is equivalent to about 50 mg. of regular grape seed extract. However, in terms of biological activity, based on preliminary studies it is estimated that one 50 mg capsule of Grape Seed Phytosome may be as effective as 150 mg of unbound grape seed extract. Studies with SILIPHOST and Ginkgo Phytosome also support that the Phytosome process enhances the utilization of the key components of the plant extract.

Which Phytosome should I take?

One of the most important groups of “phytochemicals” are the flavonoids. As a class of compounds, flavonoids have been referred to “nature’s biological response modifiers” because of their anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties. In addition, flavonoids act as powerful antioxidants, providing remarkable protection against oxidative and free radical damage. In fact, various flavonoids have shown antioxidant activity 50 to 200 times more potent than vitamin C or vitamin E. Furthermore, we can use certain flavonoid-rich extracts as “tissue specific antioxidants” because of their ability to be concentrated in specific body tissues. For example, I recommend Ginkgo biloba extract as the flavonoid-rich extract to most people over the age of fifty because of its ability to act as an antioxidant in the brain and vascular lining throughout the body. My recommendation is for you to identify which flavonoid-rich extract is most appropriate for you and take it according to the recommended dosage for the Phytosome form. When additional support is needed, the dosage can be doubled or even tripled for maximum benefit.

Flavonoid-Rich Extract Daily dosage for antioxidant support Indication
Grape Seed Phytosome 50 to 100 mg Systemic antioxidant, specific. Best choice for most people under age of fifty. Also specific for the eyes, lungs, diabetes, varicose veins, and protection against heart disease.
Green Tea Phytosome 50 to 100 mg Systemic antioxidant. Best choice for protection against cancer. Also protects against damage to cholesterol.
Ginkgo Biloba Phytosome 120 mg Best choice for most people over the age of 50. Protects brain and vascular lining;
SILIPHOST 120 m Best choice if the liver or skin needs additional antioxidant protection.
Milk Thistle Phytosome 150 mg Good choice when the liver or skin only needs minor support.
Hawthorn Phytosome 100 mg Best choice in heart disease or high blood pressu

Why do you consider Grape Seed Phytosome the best choice for most people under the age of fifty?

Grape seed extract is a rich source of one of the most beneficial group of plant flavonoids – the proanthocyanidins (also referred to as procyanidins, procyanidolic oligomers, or PCO for short). Grape seed extract has demonstrated a wide range of beneficial effects including an ability to increase intracellular vitamin C levels and inhibiting the destruction of collagen – the main protein in the body. But, the most celebrated effects of PCO in the United States are their potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects.6 The primary uses of PCO extracts are in the treatment of venous and capillary disorders including venous insufficiency, varicose veins, capillary fragility, and disorders of the retina including diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration. Good clinical studies have shown positive results in the treatment of these conditions.7

It appears that most individuals can benefit from an increased intake of PCO. This suggestion is perhaps best illustrated by studies looking at the ability of grape seed PCO extract in improving visual function in healthy subjects.8,9 In the studies, 100 normal volunteers with no retinal disorder received 200 mg/day of PCO or placebo for five or six weeks and a control group received no treatment. The group receiving PCOs demonstrated significant improvement in visual performance in dark and after glare tests compared to the placebo group. The improvement is related to improved retinal function.

Based on the relatively recent demonstration of potent antioxidant activity and protective effects on blood vessels the list of clinical uses of PCO extracts will surely increase. Perhaps the most significant use will eventually be in the prevention of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and its complications (heart attacks and strokes).

Grape Seed Phytosome offers the most beneficial source of PCOs. As a preventive measure and as antioxidant support, a daily dose of 50 mg to 100 mg of Grape Seed Phytosome is recommended. When additional support is required the recommended dosages is 150 to 300 mg daily.

Why do you recommend Hawthorn Phytosome for heart disorders and high blood pressure?

High quality hawthorn extracts made from the flowering tops of the plant just prior to the formation of the hawthorn are widely used by physicians in Europe for their cardiovascular activities. Studies have demonstrated hawthorn extracts are effective in reducing angina attacks as well as lowering blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels, and improving heart function in congestive heart failure.11,12

Like other flavonoids-rich extracts, hawthorn extracts have shown exceptional antioxidant activity. In addition, the beneficial effects of hawthorn extracts in heart disorders are a result of the flavonoids improving the blood and oxygen supply to the heart by dilating the coronary vessels, as well as improving of the metabolic processes in the heart.13

The reason why Hawthorn Phytosome is recommended in cardiovascular disorders or in people with a family history of heart disease it appears that these flavonoids have an affinity for the heart and large blood vessels. Once incorporated into these tissues, the antioxidant effects are especially helpful in blocking the progression of atherosclerosis and may actually reverse it.14,15

How does a “Phytosome” differ from a “Liposome?”

Liposomes are used primarily in cosmetics to deliver water-soluble substances to the skin. A liposome is formed by mixing a water-soluble substance with phosphatidylcholine. No chemical bond is formed, the phosphatidylcholine molecules collective surround the water-soluble substance. There may be hundreds or even thousands of phosphatidylcholine molecules surrounding the water-soluble compound. In contrast, with the Phytosome process the phosphatidylcholine and the individual plant components actually from a 1:1 or a 2:1 complex depending on the substance. This difference results in Phytosomes being much better absorbed that liposomes. Not surprisingly, Phytosomes are also superior to liposomes in skin care products.

References:

  1. Schandalik R, Gatti G, and Perucca E: Pharmacokinetics of silybin in bile following administration of silipide and silymarin in cholecystectomy patients. Arzneim Forsch 1992;42(7):964-8.
  2. Barzaghi N, et al.: Pharmacokinetic studies on IdB 1016, a silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex, in healthy human subjects. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1990;15(4):333-8.
  3. Mascarella S, et al.: Therapeutic and antilipoperoxidant effects of silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex in chronic liver disease: Preliminary results. Curr Ther Res 1993;53(1):98-102.
  4. Vailati A, et al.: Randomized open study of the dose-effect relationship of a short course of IdB 1016 in patients with viral or alcoholic hepatitis. Fitoterapia 1993;44(3):219-28.
  5. Marena C and Lampertico P: Preliminary clinical development of Silipide: A new complex of silybin in toxic liver disorders. Planta Medical 1991;57(S2):A124-5.
  6. Facino RM, et al.: Free radicals scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidines from Vitis vinifera. A mechanism for their capillary protective action. Arzneim Forsch 1994;44:592-601.
  7. Schwitters B and Masquelier J: OPC in Practice: Biflavanols and Their Application. Alfa Omega, Rome, Italy, 1993.
  8. Corbe C, Boisin JP and Siou A: Light vision and chorioretinal circulation. Study of the effect of procyanidolic oligomers (Endotelon). J Fr Ophtalmol 1988;11:453-60.
  9. Boissin JP, Corbe C and Siou A: Chorioretinal circulation and dazzling: use of procyanidol oligomers. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1988;88:173-4,177-9.
  10. Weihmayr T and Ernst E. Therapeutic effectiveness of Crataegus. Fortschr Med 1996;114:27-9.
  11. Schmidt U, et al.: Efficacy of the Hawthorn (Crataegus) preparation LI 132 in 78 patients with chronic congestive heart failure defined as NYHA functional class II. Phytomed 1994;1(1):17-24.
  12. Schussler M, Holzl J, Fricke U: Myocardial effects of flavonoids from Crataegus species. Arzneim Forsch 1995;45:842-5.
  13. Hertog MG, et al: Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993;342:1007-11.
  14. Wegrowski J, Robert Am and Moczar M: The effect of procyanidolic oligomers on the composition of normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbit aortas. Biochem Pharmacol 1984;33:3491-7.
September 27th, 2012

Coral Calcium – The Answer to ‘How do You Spell HYPE?’

As one of the leading proponents of natural products, I am a firm believer in the value of proper nutritional supplementation. Over the years, however, I have been angered by the shameless marketing of bogus products with unsubstantiated, absolutely ridiculous claims. The latest in this growing list of shame is “coral calcium.” Since I am fielding an ever-growing number of questions about this product, I have decided to finally address it formally. Be patient, read the whole article and you will hopefully see that while it is true that calcium is an essential mineral, coral calcium is not a quality calcium supplement.

What is Coral?

Coral is composed of tiny, fragile living organisms called coral polyps. The coral polyps take calcium carbonate or limestone from the sea and build protective structures around themselves. As coral polyps die, new generations of coral polyps then grow on top of the coral, and coral reefs are formed.

While coral reefs cover less than 1 percent of the planet’s surface, they are homes to over 25 percent of all marine life (over 4,000 different species of fish, 700 species of coral and thousands of other plants and animals). Since coral reefs are among the world’s most fragile and endangered ecosystems, strict laws are enforced to preserve them.

What is Coral Calcium?

Since it is severely illegal to mine “live” coral reefs, coral calcium has to come from a different source. Marketers tell us that it is either taken from old seabeds buried in the so-called “pristine” desert, mined from “fossilized coral sands that accumulated on the sea floor” or harvested from “only coral that washes up on the shore.” Sounds good, right? The bottom line, however, is that it doesn’t make much difference.

What is the Hype?

What the marketers of coral calcium do is exploit and exaggerate the known importance and function of calcium and then try to tie those benefits and more to their product. Here is just a brief list of the diseases claimed to be miraculously cured by coral calcium:

  • Cancer
  • Diabetes
  • Arthritis
  • Heart disease
  • Osteoporosis
  • Eczema
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Fibromyalgia
  • High cholesterol
  • Muscle cramps
  • Kidney stones
  • Gallstones
  • Gout
  • Indigestion
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Lupus
  • Hiatal hernia
  • Hypertension
  • Headaches

Wow!! Wouldn’t it be fantastic if it were true that coral calcium could cure all of these diseases? While it is true that in most of these diseases you can find a small, indirect association between calcium and the disease, the marketers take it way over the top.

Is Coral Calcium a Superior Form of Calcium?

Sorry, it is not. The calcium content of coral calcium ranges from 24 to 38 percent and is composed primarily of calcium carbonate. The marketers often call it “aragonite” or “calcite” to confuse and mislead the masses into thinking it is something different than the chief ingredient of Tums. Marketers use the “coral story” to hype their product, but just like mined land sources of calcium (e.g., limestone and dolomite), the bottom line here is that the calcium is bound in the form of an inorganic salt.

There are considerable dangers in using these mined sources of calcium, whether it comes above sea level or below, or whether the source is fossilized coral, limestone, or dolomite. For millions of years, volcanoes have been spewing their molten lava and ash full of poisonous heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium and iridium into the earth and sea. Although I have not seen a detailed analysis of heavy metals for a coral calcium product, even the marketers acknowledge the high content of aluminum by stating that their product contains montmorillonite. Some will tell us that montmorillonite is a natural clay that comes from volcanic ash. Others will come clean and recognize it as colloidal aluminum silicate.

I should point out that there has been one study comparing the absorption of coral calcium to calcium carbonate. However, this study is fraught with methodological errors and used urinary calcium measurements instead of more accurate measurements of calcium absorption—after all, it is not how much calcium you excrete that is important; it is how much you absorb and retain. No conclusions can be made from this study as it looks like it was constructed simply to promote coral calcium instead of answering more important questions.

Why Should I Avoid Natural Sources of Calcium?

Again, the major problem is lead contamination. This issue has been addressed in numerous studies looking at commercial calcium supplements. In one study, the lead content of 136 brands of calcium supplements was determined. The calcium in the products was derived from natural sources (bone meal, dolomite or oyster shells) or was synthesized and/or refined (chelated and nonchelated calcium such as calcium citrate and carbonate). Two-thirds of those calcium supplements failed to meet the acceptable lead levels (1.5 mcg per daily dose of calcium) in consumer products. The most likely products to contain lead were the natural forms, while the products most likely not to contain lead were products like calcium citrate or refined (purified) calcium carbonate. The results from this study are consistent with all of the others. It is quite alarming, as lead from calcium supplements definitely contributes to elevated lead levels in the body.

So What is the Best Form of Calcium?

The bottom line is that the most widely used form—calcium carbonate—appears suitable for most people. The possible exception is in people who do not produce enough stomach acid, especially postmenopausal women. But even in these people, it appears that taking calcium carbonate with food overcomes this shortcoming.

While calcium bound to citrate and other Krebs cycle intermediates such as fumarate, malate, succinate and aspartate, as well as lactate, have advantages over calcium carbonate in that they are (a) easily ionized, (b) almost completely degraded and utilized by the body, (c) virtually nontoxic and (d) able to increase the absorption of not only calcium but other minerals as well, the problem with these calcium supplements is their bulk. It basically requires three to four times as many capsules or tablets to provide the same level of calcium compared to calcium carbonate sources.

It is also important to point out that microcrystalline calcium hydroxyapatite—another hyped form of calcium—does not provide any greater benefit than other forms of calcium, including calcium carbonate. In fact, in one study looking at five commercially available forms of calcium, microcrystalline calcium hydroxyapatite was the poorest absorbed.

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Various Forms of Calcium

Form Disadvantages Advantages
Calcium carbonate May not be adequately absorbed in people with insufficient output of stomach acid. Should be taken with foods for maximal absorption. Inexpensive. Easier to take because it is not as bulky as other forms.
Coral calcium, oyster shell calcium, dolomite and bone meal May contain high levels of lead and other impurities. Since these sources of calcium are essentially calcium carbonate, it makes more sense to used purified calcium carbonate products. None.
Calcium citrate, calcium bound to other Krebs cycle intermediates, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate Larger molecule is bulkier than calcium carbonate, thus requiring more tablets/capsules to achieve the same dosage as calcium carbonate. Easily absorbed regardless of the output of stomach acid.
Calcium phosphate Poorly absorbed compared to other forms. Has a greater effect in blocking the absorption of iron and other minerals. Least likely to cause constipation.
Microcrystalline calcium hydroxyapatite Poorly absorbed compared to other forms. More expensive. May exert additional benefits in bone health due to other components.

References

  1. Ishitani K, Itakura E, Goto S, Esashi T. Calcium absorption from the ingestion of coral-derived calcium by humans. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1999;45:509-17.
  2. Scelfo GM, Flegal AR. Lead in calcium supplements. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108:309-19.
  3. Ross EA, Szabo NJ, Tebbett IR. Lead content of calcium supplements. JAMA 2000;284:1425-9.
  4. Gulson BL, Mizon KJ, Palmer JM, Korsch MJ, Taylor AJ. Contribution of lead from calcium supplements to blood lead. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109:283-8.
  5. Heaney RP, Dowell SD, Bierman J, Hale CA, Bendich A. Absorbability and cost effectiveness in calcium supplementation. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:239-46.
  6. Sakhaee K, Bhuket T, Adams-Huet B, Rao DS. Meta-analysis of calcium bioavailability: a comparison of calcium citrate with calcium carbonate. Am J Ther 1999;6:313-21.
  7. Heller HJ, Greer LG, Haynes SD, Poindexter JR, Pak CY. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of two calcium supplements in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol 2000;40:1237-44.
  8. Deroisy R, Zartarian M, Meurmans L, et al. Acute changes in serum calcium and parathyroid hormone circulating levels induced by the oral intake of five currently available calcium salts in healthy male volunteers. Clin Rheumatol 1997;16:249-53.
September 22nd, 2011

Coenzyme Q10 is Essential for a Healthy Heart

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of mitochondria—the energy-producing unit in every cell in your body. CoQ10 is involved in the manufacture of ATP, which the body uses to make energy. CoQ10’s role is similar to that of a spark plug in a car engine—without that initial spark, the human body cannot function.

CoQ10 can be made within the body, but sometimes our bodies simply don’t make enough. The heart is one of the most metabolically active organs in the body, so a CoQ10 deficiency affects your heart the most, and can lead to serious problems. Deficiency can be the result of a poor diet, genetic or acquired defects that limit CoQ10 synthesis, or increased tissue needs. Heart and vascular diseases, including high cholesterol and high blood pressure, can increase tissue demand for CoQ10. In addition, people older than 50 may need more CoQ10, as levels are known to decline with age.

Are There Food Sources of CoQ10?

Yes, but the typical daily intake of CoQ10 from dietary sources is only about 3 to 5 mg—nowhere near the level required to significantly raise blood and tissue levels. Meat, poultry and fish provide the majority of dietary CoQ10.

What are the Principal Uses of CoQ10?

CoQ10 supplements are used mostly to treat or prevent cardiovascular diseases such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse, coronary artery bypass surgery and angina. Many scientific studies have validated these uses. In addition, CoQ10 has been shown to be helpful in fighting diabetes, periodontal disease, immune deficiency, cancer, obesity and muscular dystrophy.

Be aware that it can take eight or more weeks of daily supplementation with CoQ10 before you’ll see a noticeable improvement in any of these diseases.

How Does CoQ10 Improve Heart Function?

CoQ10 boosts energy production in the heart muscle and acts as an antioxidant. CoQ10 deficiency is common in patients with heart disease: Biopsy results from the heart tissue of patients with various cardiovascular diseases showed a CoQ10 deficiency in 50 to 75 percent of all cases. Correction of a CoQ10 deficiency can often produce dramatic clinical results in patients with any kind of heart disease.

Can CoQ10 Lower Blood Pressure?

Research shows that 39 percent of patients with high blood pressure have a CoQ10 deficiency. In several studies, CoQ10 supplementation has been shown to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension, although the effect is usually not seen until after eight to 10 weeks. Typical reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure are in the 10 percent range.

How Does CoQ10 Boost the Immune System?

Tissues and cells involved with immune function are highly energy dependent and require an adequate supply of CoQ10 for optimal function. Studies have documented the immune-enhancing effect of CoQ10. Also, CoQ10 should definitely be used by cancer patients after taking any chemotherapy drug that is associated with heart toxicity, such as adriamycin and athralines.

Can CoQ10 Promote Weight Loss?

Since CoQ10 is an essential cofactor for energy production, it is possible that CoQ10 deficiency
is a factor in some cases of obesity. One study of obese people found that 52 percent had low CoQ10 levels. When they were given 100 mg per day of CoQ10, they had significant weight loss.

What is the Best Form of CoQ10?

Coenzyme Q10 is available primarily in tablets or capsules. The best preparations appear to be soft-gelatin capsules with CoQ10 in an oil base or in a soluble form. To further enhance absorption, CoQ10 should be taken with food.

I believe the best form of CoQ10 on the market is Clear Q by Natural Factors. To enhance the body’s absorption and utilization of CoQ10, some manufacturers have looked to synthetic compounds to make their CoQ10 formulas more soluble. Natural Factors has chosen an all-natural approach instead. Using a patent-pending process known as Lipcom (lipid compression), Natural Factors binds CoQ10 to the purest form of natural vitamin E available (Clear Base Vitamin E: pure, 100 percent-natural d-alpha tocopheryl acetate). The result is a CoQ10 product that’s more easily absorbed and used by the body.

In a preliminary study, subjects were given either Clear Q or standard CoQ10. After six hours, the CoQ10 blood levels of patients who took Clear Q increased 235 percent more than those who took the standard product. In addition, six hours after supplementation with Clear Q, blood levels of CoQ10 can reach higher than 2.5 mcg per ml—the amount required for consistent results with CoQ10. CoQ10 is present in the blood in oxidized (inactive) and reduced (active) forms. Increased oxidative stress or low vitamin E levels convert more CoQ10 to its oxidized form. Research shows high levels of pure vitamin E enhance the biological function of CoQ10, which in return enhances vitamin E activity.

How Much CoQ10 Should I Take?

Usually 50 to 150 mg of CoQ10 per day is recommended, but if the supplement is going to be effective, it seems that CoQ10 blood levels must rise above 2.5 mcg per ml and be maintained at this level for a prolonged period. The normal blood level for CoQ10 is roughly 1 mcg per ml, so it can be difficult to achieve therapeutic blood levels, especially with poorly absorbed forms of CoQ10.

Here is what I recommend: Begin by taking four capsules of Clear Q with a meal. This provides 200 mg of CoQ10 and 1600 IU of vitamin E. Then, take two capsules of Clear Q daily for a week, followed by a maintenance dosage of one capsule daily for people weighing up to 250 pounds and two capsules per day for people over 250 pounds.

Is CoQ10 Safe?

Coenzyme Q10 is very safe—no serious adverse effects have ever been reported, even with long-term use. Because safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been proven, CoQ10 should not be used during these times unless the potential clinical benefit (as determined by a physician) outweighs the risks.

Does CoQ10 Interact With any Drugs?

There are no known adverse interactions between CoQ10 and any drug or nutrient. However, many drugs can adversely affect CoQ10 levels, and CoQ10 may be able to reduce side effects of some drugs. In addition to adriamycin, CoQ10 supplementation has been shown to counteract some of the adverse effects of certain cholesterol-lowering, beta-blocker and psychotrophic drugs. Lovastatin (Mevacor), pravastin (Pravachol), atorvastatin (Lipitor) and simvastatine (Zocor) are used to lower blood cholesterol levels by inhibiting the enzyme (HMG CoA reductase) required to make cholesterol in the liver. Unfortunately, these drugs also block the manufacture of other substances necessary for body functions, including CoQ10. Supplementing with CoQ10 (50 mg per day) is necessary to prevent its depletion in body tissues while on these drugs.

References

1. Schandalik R, Gatti G, and Perucca E: Pharmacokinetics of silybin in bile following administration of silipide and silymarin in cholecystectomy patients.
Arzneim Forsch 1992;42(7):964-8.
2. Barzaghi N, et al.: Pharmacokinetic studies on IdB 1016, a silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex, in healthy human subjects. Eur J Drug Metab
Pharmacokinet 1990;15(4):333-8.
3. Mascarella S, et al.:Therapeutic and antilipoperoxidant effects of silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex in chronic liver disease: Preliminary results.
Curr Ther Res 1993;53(1):98-102.
4. Vailati A, et al.: Randomized open study of the dose-effect relationship of a short course of IdB 1016 in patients with viral or alcoholic hepatitis.
Fitoterapia 1993;44(3):219-28.
5. Marena C and Lampertico P: Preliminary clinical development of Silipide: A new complex of silybin in toxic liver disorders. Planta Medical
1991;57(S2):A124-5.
6. Facino RM, et al.: Free radicals scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidines from Vitis vinifera. A mechanism for their capillary
protective action. Arzneim Forsch 1994;44:592-601.
7. Schwitters B and Masquelier J: OPC in Practice: Biflavanols and Their Application. Alfa Omega, Rome, Italy, 1993.
9. Corbe C, Boisin JP and Siou A: Light vision and chorioretinal circulation. Study of the effect of procyanidolic oligomers (Endotelon).
J Fr Ophtalmol 1988;11:453-60.
10. Boissin JP, Corbe C and Siou A: Chorioretinal circulation and dazzling: use of procyanidol oligomers. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr 1988;88:173-4,177-9.
11. Weihmayr T and Ernst E.Therapeutic effectiveness of Crataegus. Fortschr Med 1996;114:27–9.
12. Schmidt U, et al.: Efficacy of the Hawthorn (Crataegus) preparation LI 132 in 78 patients with chronic congestive heart failure defined as NYHA
functional class II. Phytomed 1994;1(1):17–24.
13. Schussler M, Holzl J, Fricke U: Myocardial effects of flavonoids from Crataegus species. Arzneim Forsch 1995;45:842-5.
14. Hertog MG, et al: Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet 1993;342:1007-11.
15. Wegrowski J, Robert Am and Moczar M:The effect of procyanidolic oligomers on the composition of normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbit aortas.
Biochem Pharmacol 1984;33:3491-7.
16. Wilkinson EG, et al.: Bioenergetics in clinical medicine. VI. Adjunctive treatment of periodontal disease with coenzyme Q10. Res Commun Chem
Pathol Pharmacol 1976;14:715-9.
17. Hanioka T, et al.: Effect of topical application of coenzyme Q10 on adult periodontitis. Mol Aspects Med 1994;15(Suppl):S241-8.
18. Folkers K, et al.: Increase in levels of IgG in serum of patients treated with coenzyme Q10. Res Comm Pathol Pharmacol 1982;38:335-8.
19. Lockwood K, Moesgaard S, Folkers K. Partial and complete regression of breast cancer in patients in relation to dosage of coenzyme Q10.
Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1994;199:1504-8.
20. Lockwood K, Moesgaard S,Yamamoto T, Folkers K. Progress on therapy of breast cancer with vitamin Q10 and the regression of metastases.
Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1995;212:172-7.
21. Iarussi D, et al.: Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on anthracyclines cardiotoxicity: control study in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and
non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mol Aspects Med 1994;15(Suppl.):s207-12.
22. van Gaal L, de Leeuw ID, Vadhanavikit S, and Folkers K: Exploratory study of coenzyme Q10 in obesity. In: Folkers K,Yamamura Y, eds: Biomedical and
Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q, Vol 4. Elsevier Science Publ, Amsterdam,1984. pp369-73.
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June 5th, 2011

PharmaGABA: Natural Support for Stress, Anxiety and Insomnia

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major neurotransmitter that is abundantly and widely distributed throughout the central nervous system. Low levels or decreased GABA function in the brain are associated with several psychiatric and neurological disorders, but most primarily anxiety, depression, insomnia and epilepsy.

GABA that is naturally manufactured via a fermentation process that uses the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus hilgardii has been shown to be more effective than the synthetic form of GABA, which is made from the industrial solvent pyrrolidinone.  The natural form, known as PharmaGABA, has been shown to produce relaxation by increasing the alpha to beta brainwave ratio, preserving salivary antibody production during stress and reducing amounts of the stress hormone cortisol.

PharmaGABA: Effects on the Sympathetic Nervous System

It appears that PharmaGABA is easily absorbed in the body and binds to GABA receptors in the peripheral nervous system, which leads to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system within five to 30 minutes after PharmaGABA is ingested. This produces what is referred to as the “relaxation response,” which is in direct contrast to the stress or “fight or flight” response.

New Data

In a very interesting study, endurance cyclists biked at 65 percent of their oxygen consumption for 30 minutes on two different occasions. They were given either a sports drink containing 1,000 mg of GABA or a placebo for 20 minutes before exercising. The results indicated that GABA prevented exercise-induced elevations in core body temperature. Sweat rate and plasma catecholamine (stress hormone) concentrations during exercise were also inhibited. These results provide further evidence that GABA reduces sympathetic nervous system activation during times of stress.

Reference

Miyazawa T, Kawabata T, Suzuki T, et al. Effect of oral administration of GABA on temperature regulation in humans during rest and exercise at high ambient temperature. Osaka City Med J. 2009 Dec;55(2):99-108.

March 29th, 2011

Rational Protection Against Nuclear Radiation

The run on potassium iodide (KI) supplements in health food stores and pharmacies after the recent Japanese earthquake highlights many issues I have with the American psyche. We are proactive to a point, but often our actions are misguided and based upon emotion much more than logic. While it makes sense for all of us to have potassium iodide on hand in case of exposure to radiation, there is no benefit from anyone actually taking these massive dosages of iodine right now. In fact, it is likely to do more harm than good.

The Benefits and Risk of Potassium Iodide

There is no question that potassium iodide is indicated when someone is exposed to significant amounts of nuclear radiation. But even then, it is a lot like giving someone a bulletproof vest in a gunfight. Yes, the vest can protect against a fatal bullet to the chest, but what if the bullet hits the gunfighter in the head or severs a major artery in a leg? Potassium iodide protects against radioactive iodine being accumulated within the thyroid gland, but it will not protect against the damaging effects of other radioactive particles.

When used in response to radiation exposure, the recommended dosage of 130 mg is generally quite high to saturate iodine stores, and its benefits are very short lived. However, taking this high dosage of KI when there is no radiation exposure is potentially harmful. Taking too much iodine (dosages in excess of 1,000 mcg per day) may inhibit thyroid hormone secretion, especially in individuals with hypothyroidism. Increased dietary intake of iodine is also associated with acne-like skin eruptions and other side effects. If you want to take iodine preventively, take 150 to 300 mcg every day. Chronic intake at these levels will likely saturate iodine stores in a safer manner.

Rational Recommendations

So if I am saying that the focus on potassium iodide is misguided, what do I recommend in its place? First, let me clarify my stance on KI. There is no question that it should be used when there is significant radiation exposure. However, it is doubtful that the U.S. mainland will ever see high levels of radiation that would necessitate KI therapy due to the Japanese earthquake. Instead, what makes the most sense is to take a more “whole body armor” approach. What I mean by this term is that there are steps that we can all take to reduce the effects of low-level radiation as well as to offer additional protection in the event that a nuclear catastrophe occurs. Keep in mind that if radiation exposure is severe enough, there is little that can be offered in terms of protection. But protecting against the accumulation of effects of low to moderate levels of radiation is something that we should all be trying to address.

There are three key supplements that are essential in any health promotion plan: a high-potency multiple vitamin and mineral, a high quality “greens” drink and a pharmaceutical-grade fish oil.

A high-potency multiple vitamin and mineral is one that provides optimal levels of all essential vitamins and minerals. “Greens drinks” are commercially available products containing dehydrated barley grass, wheat grass and/or algae sources such as chorella or spirulina. These foods are power-packed full of radiation-fighting phytochemicals. Enriching Greens from Natural Factors is the specific product that I endorse. Take one to two servings daily of the powdered version. For a pharmaceutical-grade fish oil, take two capsules daily of my RxOmega-3 Factors.

During these times of uncertainty regarding background radiation, I recommend some specific foods and a couple of other supplements. The foods that are helpful include:

  • Good sources of water-soluble fibers, such as vegetables, pears, oat bran, apples and legumes
  • Garlic, legumes, onions, eggs, whey protein and other high-sulfur-content foods
  • High-flavonoid-content fruit such as blueberries, blackberries, cherries, raspberries and citrus
  • Soy foods and sea vegetables
  • High-carotene-content root vegetables: carrots, sweet potatoes and yams
  • Cabbage-family vegetables, especially broccoli, Brussels sprout, and cabbage
  • Artichokes; beets; spinach; dandelion greens; and herbs and spices such as turmeric, cinnamon and mustard

For additional supplements, I recommend a flavonoid-rich extract like green tea, grapeseed, Pycnogenol® or ginkgo biloba at a dosage of at least 100 mg daily, but ideally 300 mg. Flavonoids appear to reduce the formation of clastogenic factors that exist in the blood of patients either accidentally or therapeutically exposed to radiation, and may persist for more than 30 years. They are associated with an increased risk of radiation-induced cancers. Chernobyl workers who were given ginkgo extract for two months had clastogenic factors disappear from their blood. The workers were followed for one year, and it was found that the anti-clastogenic effect persisted for seven months in most cases. I believe that other flavonoid-rich extracts may offer the same sort of benefits, and I recommend their continued, indefinite use in anyone exposed to significant levels of radiation.

Lastly, I think it is a good idea to take advantage of the adaptogenic and radiation protection offered by such herbal tonics as Siberian ginseng, ashwaganda (Withania somnifera), Panax ginseng and rhodiola. Though any one of these adaptogens would be useful on their own, I prefer combination formulas like my Serenity Formula. Take two capsules daily for maximum benefit. Two capsules provide the following:

Sensoril (Withania somnifera) ashwagandha extract (root/leaf)                           250 mg

Minimum 8% withanolides                                                                                                       20 mg

Eleuthero extract (Eleutherococcus senticosus) powdered extract (root)         150 mg

0.8% Eleutherosides                                                                                                                    1.2 mg

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) powdered extract 5:1 (aerial)                        150 mg

Rhodiola rosacea powdered extract (root)                                                                       75 mg

3.5% Rosavins                                                                                                                                2.6 mg

 

I generally recommend this formula to help people experiencing chronic stress or adrenal exhaustion, but it is also a valuable everyday tonic for a better life. In particular, I love the research on Sensoril, a patented extract of ashwaganda. It is impressive. Sensoril works with the body’s natural biological systems to help restore balance and normalize body functions. Among other things, Sensoril:

  • Helps counteract the negative effects of stress
  • Increases resistance to fatigue
  • Promotes improved sleep quality and higher energy levels
  • Helps promote mental clarity and concentration

These are effects most of us could use during these stressful times.

Final Comments

You should be proactive in protecting your health against radiation, and don’t be fooled into a false sense of security just because you are taking potassium iodide. In fact, at this time it is likely to do more harm than good. Take a more comprehensive, rational approach.

March 18th, 2011

Cranberry’s Effectiveness for Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis

Cranberry juice and cranberry extracts have shown benefit in preventing and treating urinary tract infections in several double-blind studies. New data indicates they may also be of benefit in men with nonbacterial chronic prostatitis.

Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis

Prostatitis occurs when the prostate becomes inflamed or swollen. It is considered a chronic condition when the symptoms last for several weeks. Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis most often is the result of damage or inflammation to the connective tissue barrier of the inner lining of the prostate that prevents potentially harmful materials in urine from breaking through to deeper tissues. Symptoms include:

  • Voiding issues, including a weak or intermittent urinary stream, straining, hesitancy, terminal dribbling and incomplete emptying
  • Storage issues, including urgency, frequency, urgency incontinence and nocturia

New Data

In a study published in April 2010 in the British Journal of Nutrition, 42 men with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis received either 1,500 mg of dried, powdered cranberries per day for six months or a placebo. At the end of the study, the cranberry group experienced significant improvements in their International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life, and urine flow and other voiding parameters, but the control group did not. The mean IPSS declined by 4.48 points in the cranberry group compared with an increase of 1.43 in the control group.

Reference

Vidlar A, Vostalova J, Ulrichova J, et al. The effectiveness of dried cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Br J Nutr. 2010 Oct;104(8):1181-9. Epub 2010 Aug 31.